Russia or,also
officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in northern Eurasia.It
is federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. The
capital city of Russia is Moscow.
Russia is
located in the Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.
The enormous
size of Russia and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the
dominance of the humid continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of
the country except for the tundra and the extreme southeast. Mountains in the
south obstruct the flow of warm air masses from the Indian Ocean, while the
plain of the west and north makes the country open to Arctic and Atlantic
influences
Most of
Northern European Russia and Siberia has a subarctic climate, with extremely
severe winters in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly the Sakha
Republic, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low
temperature of −71.2 °C or −96.2 °F), and more moderate winters elsewhere. Both
the strip of land along the shore of the Arctic Ocean and the Russian Arctic
islands have apolar climate.
The coastal
part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, most notably in Sochi, possesses a
humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters. In many regions of East
Siberia and the Far East, winter is dry compared to summer; other parts of the
country experience more even precipitation across seasons. Winter precipitation
in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. The region along the Lower
Volga and Caspian Sea coast, as well as some areas of southernmost Siberia,
possesses a semi-arid climate.
Russia's 160
ethnic groups speak some 100 languages. According to the 2002 Census, 142.6
million people speak Russian, followed by Tatar with 5.3 million and Ukrainian
with 1.8 million speakers. Russian is the only official state language, but the
Constitution gives the individual republics the right to establish their own
state languages in addition to Russian.
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